The disease is highly contagious, and can spread without symptoms in a short period of time, resulting in a pandemic. Infected patients and asymptomatic infections 6, 7 are the main source of infection. COVID-19 is transmitted in various ways, mainly respiratory droplets and close contact transmission 3, 4, 5. In December 2019, a case of typical pneumonia was found in Wuhan, Hubei province in China 1, 2. The findings and methods of this study can be effective for predicting and managing the epidemics and can be used as an aid for decision makers to control the current and future epidemics. It was found that our simulation results were compatible with the observed values and the parameter of the time function in the improved SIR model for China is a = − 0.0058. To evaluate the NPIs, we simulated the prevalence of the COVID-19 based on an improved SIR model and under different prevention intensity. In addition, statistically significant correlations were found between the prevalence of the epidemic and the temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. Moreover, the cumulative confirmed cases were mainly concentrated in the southeastern part of China, and the epidemic in the cities with large population flows from Wuhan was more serious. Stage I is the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in stage II the new peak of the epidemic was observed in stage III the outbreak was contained and new cases decreased there was a rebound in stage IV, and stage V led to level off. The results showed that the spread of outbreaks in China’s non-Hubei provinces can be divided into five stages. In this paper, we used statistical techniques, correlation analysis and GIS mapping expression method to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and the influencing factors of the COVID-19 in mainland China. However, assessing and predicting the effectiveness of these interventions requires further study. Moreover, in the absence of effective medicine or vaccine, the Chinese government introduced a series of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). However, more influencing factors need to be considered to improve our understanding about the current epidemic. There are several studies that investigating the influencing factors on distribution of COVID-19 in China. Understanding the distribution of disease at the national level contributes to the formulation of public health policies. In December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has broken out in China.

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